Basic Concepts: Purpose and Motives of Robotisation

Purpose and Motives of Robotisation

 Picture source: http://robotics.youngester.com

 

 These are identified as under:

a.       Productivity Improvement

With conventional machine a large proportion of time is spend tool changing and inter operation delays. Use of robot, when properly interfaced with machining system cut down idle time cost, increase production speed and thereby brings improvement in productivity. Experiments on robots manufactured by HMT Bangalore reveal that productivity improved by 45% who a robot attends to machines tool. 

b.      Overall Safety

Indeed all hazardus and dangerous jobs like forging, furnace work, painting welding can be handed over to the robot thereby making work environment a safer and batter place. A most of the accident occur because of the negligence of the worker, lost of concentration and fatigue such accidents will be minimized as robots don’t have these human limitations.

c.      Quality Improvement

The world market has seen a fast improvement in quality in recent part because of new and better technology. Robotics bring consistency and betterment in quality. Even string quality parameters can be achieved because robots are programmed and they work as per given instructions. Chances of errors are minimized.    

d.      Saving in Energy and Material

The robots held saving energy and material consumption as the adopt the best possible sequence which is most effective and efficient as well. Air conditioning, extra light are not required in case of robots as they remind unaffected by very high and low temperatures and can also work well in dark with the help of infer red and vision sensors. Robot also perform 100% inspection on parts end components received for assembly.  

e.      Wastage and Defect

Defects rate reduce from 1% to 0.02% inserting cases due to use of robots. 

f.        Boosting Company’s Image

Use of robots boost company’s image which helped them in securing more orders from quality conscious customers and thereby more profits.

g.       Multi Product Batch or Mixed Flow Line

In period of technological advancement when products life has shortened robots help in mixed flow line production. They process different parts and component with speed and accuracy.  

h.      Export Considerations

Many industries adopted robot to help in achieving quality at economic cost which helped them to export their product by competing over their competitors.

By: Heru Susanto

Reference:

Kumar, Dr. Surrender and Mukerje, Dr. S.K, “Robotic Engineering”, Satya Prakashan, New Delhi, 2001.  

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Basic Concepts: Industrial Robots and FMS

Industrial Robots and FMS

 picture source: http://www.festo-didactic.com

          Industrial robots and flexible manufacturing system (FMS) share a common characteristic: “Flexibility”. The two technologies are not, however, interchangeable: robots can be an element of FMS but are not , of themselves, flexible manufacturing system. Robot as an element can perform a number of operations such us work piece, fixture and pallet handling function, inspections, cleaning, tool changing (AGV to transport racks of cutting tools between robot tool changer and the tool room), deburring, finishing etc. within the flexible system. Robots can also be used in flexible assembly system, performing insertion, inspection, fastening and dispensing tasks.

          FMS is a computer – integrated group or cluster of multiple NC machines or work stations linked together by work transfer devices, for the complete automatic processing of differing product parts or the assembly of parts into differing units. The work stations or manufacturing cells will be located along a central material transfer system, such as conveyor, on which a variety of different work pieces and parts are moving. When a specific work piece approaches the required cell on the conveyor, the corresponding robot will pick it and load it into a CNC machine in the cell. After processing in that cell, the robot will return the semi finished or finished part to the conveyor. The part will move on the conveyor until it approaches a subsequent cell in which its processing can be continued. The corresponding robot will pick up and load into the machine. This sequence will be repeated along the conveyor, until at the end only finished parts will be moving. Then they can be routed to an automatic inspection station and subsequently unloaded from the FMS. The co-ordination among the cell and the flow of parts will be accomplished under the supervision of the central computer.

         The designer of any effective FMS ought to consider:

a.       a. How will the system receive its instructions as which products and how many to make?

b.      b. What the technical information will be required so that the system generates the required geometry and other physical characteristics?

c.       c. How will material, tooling and consumables be provisioned?

d.      d. What happens when something goes wrong or changes?

          The long term evolution of FMS is toward the automatic factory, but the potential of an FMS especially the one making maximum use of robotics, is to drive batch manufacturing efficiencies to near the level of transfer line automation. The improvement in efficiency in metal cutting and related process may be of the order of 60 to 80 percent.

by:  Kumar Surender, Dr and Mukherjee, K. S. Dr  : from: robotic and engineering book

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Basic Concepts: Robot and Robotics

Robot and Robotics

   

  In Czech the word "Robota"  means "forced labour" or simply worker. Robots were often endowed with super-human strength and power, subhuman intelligence etc. The most commonly used definition is given by the Robot Institute  of America as " A robot is reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator". It is designed  to move materials, parts, tools or special devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. If offers flexibility, since it is programmable, which is not the case with the older and more conventional automated production line systems. for changing the task it does not required expensive tooling every time. The robot is concept of computer coupled with a flexible manipulator and this combination has helped to open the door for new manufacturing methods. It possesses certain anthropomorphic characteristics, such as arm and gripper.

Robotics is a branch of technology which concerns about problems design, development and application of robots. there are certain areas which share most of the technology and are as follows:

Prosthesis is artificial replacements for part of the human body.

Exoskeletons is frames which surrounds human limbs or frames, which amplify the available power.

Telecherics is subject of remote manipulation


 
 

Locomotion devices are machines for walking on legs.   

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Basic Concepts: History of the Robot World

History of the Robot World 

The development of robotics in the beginning but not from the discipline of electronics came from biologist and author of novels and plays the story on the XVIII century. Biological scientists at that time wanted to create a creature that has such characteristics that they want and obey all what what they tell, and until now these creatures they create never materialized into a real, but the material in the novels and stage plays and film.
Just around the nineteenth century robots were developed by engineers, at that time armed with the expertise to make a clock mechanic mechanics they make an imitation of a doll that can move on the part of his body. In 1920, the robot began to develop from the disciplines of electronics, more specifically the branch of electronics disciplines study the automatic control engineering, but in those days a computer that is a major component of a robot which is used for processing and input from sensors and control actuators yet have a fast commutation capability in addition to the physical size of the computer at that time was still quite large.
Intelligent robots began to grow rapidly with the development of computers in about 1950's. With the increasingly rapid computational capabilities of computers and increasingly smaller physical size, the robots are made increasingly have intelligence good enough to perform jobs usually done by humans. At the beginning created, the computer as a means of calculating it, the development of algorithms to make computer programming as an instrument that has the ability as the human brain. Artificial Intellegent or artificial intelligence is a programming algorithm that makes the computer have intelligence like human beings capable of reasoning, to conclusions and decisions based on the experience possessed.

Posted on 7:54 AM / 1 komentar / Read More

Basic Concepts: Term of Robot

Robot Introduction

The term robot comes from the Cekoslowakia.Kata robot comes from the vocabulary of "Robota" meaning "quick work". This term appeared in 1920 by a playwright named Karel Capec. His work at that time entitled "Rossum's Universal Robots" which means the World Robot Rossum property. Rossum design and build an army that consists of industrial robots are finally becoming too clever and ultimately master the human.
Robotics The word is also derived from the science fiction novel "runaround" written by Isaac Asimov in 1942. While understanding the exact robot is a system or device that can behave or mimic human behavior in order to replace and simplify the labor / human activities.
To be classified as a robot, a machine must have two kinds of capabilities are:
1) Can get information from its surroundings.
2) Can do something physical such as move or manipulate objects.
For a robot can be regarded as a system does not need to emulate all human behavior, but a system can adopt only one or two existing systems in human beings alone can be said to be a robot. The system adopted in the form of the visual system (eyes), auditory system (ear) or the motion system.
A robot can be made for all sorts of activities, but a robot must be made for the purpose of human kindness. There are laws of robotics that need to be held before a person falls in robotics, among others:
1) Robots may not be menciderai humans or in a state without allowing human action closer to being hurt.
2) A robot must obey orders given by humans unless those orders are contrary to the law first.
3) A robot must protect its existence, they do not conflict with the first and second laws.

Usefulness of the robot
In accordance with the definition of a robot on top, then there are many uses of robots. In general, a robot purpose is to replace human labor that require high precision or have a very big risk or bahakn threaten human safety. For example, someone who works in the welding on a vehicle assembly industry, will have the risk of workplace accidents are quite high. So to reduce the working rtesiko need to use robots to replace human labor in these fields, so the risk of workplace accidents can be reduced and even eliminated.
There are also some robots are deliberately created to accompany man in his activities. These robots can be called a robot to play. This robot diciptakn to help people who experience loneliness itself so as to have friends. Robots that include this type include among others Battle Bots, Robot contesti, Robot Dog.

But robots can be broadly classified into several types, among others:
1) Industrial robots
2) Robot space
3) Robot Transport
4) Robot wars
5) Robot remote control
6) medical robot
7) Robot research
8) Robot play, etc.

 Modern Era Robot
Robot modern era now more developed for research rather than human penyerupaan. So it has its own intelligence nahkan no plans to make robots that can be matched with human-like intelligence. 

source: http://ekstrarobotik.tripod.com

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